Page 253 - Proceeding 2015

ANDRONICEANU Armenia and OHANYAN Gurgen FAMP
IMF POLICIES AND THEIR EFFECTS ON EDUCATION IN ROMANIA CCASP

adverse effects of crisis more efficiently than Romanian government. Particularly, per student
expenditures in Bulgarian and Romanian decreased in 2011 comparing with 2009 by respectively 5,1 and
13,2 percents composing 2.713 and 2.074 pps.
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11 TH ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE
We further discuss the effects of input indicators on overall performance of education sector by presenting
some output indicators (see Table 5). Teachers and academic staff in these countries are seriously
affected by the crisis. The data show that both in Bulgaria and Romania took place serious cuts,

particularly comparing with 2008 the overall number of teachers and academic staff decreased by
respectively 10,1 and 10,6 percents comprising 97,1 thousand and 247,5 thousand in 2011.

TABLE 5 - ROMANIAN AND BULGARIAN EDUCATIONAL OUTPUT INDICATORS
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
4
Teachers (ISCED 0-4) and academic staff (ISCED 5-6) thousand persons
Bulgaria 108,1 100,6 98,4 96,4 97,1
Romania 276,8 275,4 268,7 253,0 247,5
Number of students in enrolled in all levels of education million persons 1.307,7 1.294,0
30 th – 31 st October 2015 ”Strategic Management for Local Communities” Bucharest Ratio of Students to teachers (ISCED 1-3) 4.532,1 4.401,1 4.228,1 3.989,0
Bulgaria
1.314,8
1.349,5
1.323,0
Romania
4.553,9
13,5
13,9
13,6
13,8
12,8
Bulgaria
14,3
15,4
14,3
Romania
14,1
15,2
Students in public institutions (ISCED 1 to 4) - as % of all students in public and private institutions
Bulgaria
97,7
98,0
97,4
97,5
Romania 97,1 97,0 97,3 96,7 96,3
98,4
Participants in early education (aged between 4-7 years-old) - as % of inhabitants of the corresponding age
group
Bulgaria 84,4 84,2 85,3 86,6 87,1
Romania 88,5 88,0 87,2 86,4 85,5
Source: Eurostat
As well, a drastic shrinkage in number felt students in those countries, as in 2012 compared with pre-
crisis year student amount in Bulgaria and Romania decreased respectively by 4,1 and 12,4 percents.
These two mentioned indicators together contribute to the growth of students to teachers ratio, which
traditionally was lagging behind the EU member-states. Particularly, in Bulgaria and Romania this
indicator comprised respectively 13,9 and 15,4 at primary and secondary levels of education.
Furthermore, from Table 5 could be shown that two countries have high level student enrollment in public
institutions in Bulgaria 96,3 percent and 97,4 percent in Romania. Yet, both two countries felt decrease
in enrollment in public institutions during the crisis. At the same time, Bulgaria has significantly improved

4 The International Standard classification of Education is a statistical framework for organizing information on
education.

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