Page 62 - Proceeding 2015

FAMP PĂCE?ILĂ Mihaela
CCASP INVOLVEMENT OF NGOS IN CONTEMPORARY SOCIETY

According to Hailu Senbeta (2003), this classification has both advantages and disadvantages: provides

a clear separation of organizations depending on their non-economic activities, but fails to make a clear
difference between them depending on their goals.

Another significant classification is made by Union of International Associations which maintains a

database on international civil society since 1948: international non-governmental organizations and inter-
governmental organizations (Union of International Associations, 2012). This classification is certainly
different from that made by Salamon and Helmut, focusing on the size instead of type (Hailu Senbeta,

2003).

Stromquist and Monkman (2000) consider that NGOs are a heterogeneous set of institutions that operate
in different sectors and addresses different target groups. Therefore, they can be divided into the following

categories depending on their field of activity: grass-roots operations involved in social actions; non-profit
businesses run by professionals who provide jobs in order to integrate people with disabilities into the
labour market; locally-based institutions using the resources of those involved in their activities; and

international entities with large budgets built from grants and contracts from governments and various
international organizations (Ginsburg, 1998). PROCEEDINGS OF THE 11 TH ADMINISTRATION AND PUBLIC MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ”Strategic Management for Local Communities” 30 th – 31 st October 2015 Bucharest

Eade and Ernst (2001) show another classification system, namely International Standard Industrial

Classification’s. However, this classification excludes the vast majority of NGOs involved in various
support activities: half NGOs receiving funds from governments as well as advocacy NGOs, whose

number has increased dramatically in recent years due to the growing number of projects aimed at
building and strengthening support organizations.

According to Willetts (2002), NGOs can be divided into two groups: operational and advocacy NGOs. The
former attract resources through donations from various companies and foundations, grants, contracts

from governments, volunteers’ labour in order to support their projects and programs. This process
requires a complex organization, as well as time and expertise to prepare the applications. Generally
speaking, the latter have the same functions as the operational NGOs, aiming to raise funds, but at a

smaller scale. They are more interested in organizing large events in order to attract favourable publicity
rather than raise funds, as well as the mobilization of a small number of people in a short period of time

in order to involve them in the organization’s activities.

Another classification system is the General Industrial Classification of Economic Activities being used in
the EU since 1970 in order to classify economic activities. This classification system is also flawed

because it excludes organizations that receive money from governments as well as grass-root

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